how do earthquakes happen भूकंप कैसे आते हैं

How Earthquakes Occur - Earthquake Causes in English                                                        

    

Earthquake in English - When an earthquake occurs, how does the ground tremble?

It destroys the buildings built on the ground and everything else with it.

You must have often seen that an earthquake of such intensity came at such a place, but in reality, what is it?

And what is the reason behind this earthquake? We also often see on the news channel that this place is the epicenter of the earthquake, what also happens?

Today we will know this in this article, so let's know…..

We have to understand the earth also:-हमें धरती को भी समझना होगा:-

It is obvious that if we talk about earthquakes, then we have to understand the earth, the earth is made up of many layers,

Like an onion is made up of many layers.

If you have ever forked an onion,  you must have seen that the onion is up of many layers.

In the same way, the earth is also made up of many layers.

The innermost part of the Earth is of the core.

It is very dense i.e. very dense. Its radius is up to 1200 km.

Above the core is the layer of the outer core which remains in liquid form.

It is a thick layer up to 2200 km.

And above it is the layer of the mantle, which is a thick layer up to 2900 km.

Above the mantle is the crust layer. It is a layer up to 100 km thick.

That's why I told you about the structure of the earth

Because it will be helpful for us to know about the causes of earthquake.

So what is the reason for the earthquake (earthquake in English):-तो क्या है भूकंप का कारण:-

As we know that when the earthquake comes.

The tectonic plates on Earth rub or collide with each other,

So now we will know that how these plates rub against each other.

Actually, it starts from the core of the Earth, from where the lava of extremely hot molten rocks rises up to the layer of the mantle.

And then from there, colliding with the Earth's crust, it cools down and starts moving inwards towards the Earth's core.

Actually, this hot lava is very less dense, so it keeps rising up.

Until it cools down and the heavy rockfalls inside the core.

And this process goes on continuously.

And this is the reason that the mantle keeps on flowing continuously.

As I told you that the mantle keeps on flowing continuously.

That is, lives in movement. And above the layer of the mantle is the Earth's tectonic plates ie land.

Due to the movement of the mantle, the tectonic plates are in constant movement while floating.

Such as goods placed on a conveyor belt.

You must be aware that all the plates located on the earth keep on moving.

What is Convection Current:-क्या होता है कन्वेक्शन करंट:-

The cycle that rises above the hot lava and then cools down towards the core is called a convection current.

And due to this convection current, the tectonic plates of the earth rub against each other, and earthquakes occur.

That is when two plates rub or collide,

The vibration caused by that rubbing collision is what we know by the name of an earthquake.

And the reason for this is the convection current.

It is not that the plates collide with the convection current, but the two plates keep moving away from each other.

As a new plate from the Africa Plate, the Somali Plate is gradually broken away from Africa and separating from Africa.

That is, after millions of years, Africa will break apart into two continents.

The place between the two from where the waves of earthquake arise,

It is called the epicenter of the earthquake. And these waves are measured with the Richter scale.

How earthquake is measured (in English):-भूकंप को कैसे नापा जाता है:-

Richter scale:-

This is the most popular method of measuring earthquakes. And it is a mathematical scale to measure the intensity of an earthquake.

Which measures the intensity of earthquake waves.

This is called the Richter Magnitude Test Scale. The Richter scale is logarithmic.

Under this scale, the intensity of an earthquake per scale increases up to 10 times.

And the energy that is released during the collision of two tectonic plates.

That increases up to 32 times per scale. This simply means that the magnitude of the earthquake on the Richter scale of 3 was,

That would increase to 10 times the three Richter scale on a four scale.

Mercalli Scale:-

Apart from the Richter scale, there is another method that was once used to measure earthquakes.

Which is known as the Mercalli scale.

In this, the earthquake is measured based on its strength rather than its intensity.

How much strength an earthquake can do, how much damage can it do?

But it is considered less scientific than Richter,

Because people's experience about the strength of an earthquake can vary.

Also, many factors can be responsible for the damage caused by an earthquake.

Such as weak and poor construction of houses, poor structure, type of land, the habitation of population, etc.

Some sensitive areas of India in terms of earthquake –

ZONE 5 –

Seismic zone 5 means, an earthquake of more than a magnitude of eight can occur here.

In this zone, the entire North East area of ​​the country, the areas of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand,

Gujarat's Kutch, North Bihar, and Andaman, and the Nicobar Islands are included.

ZONE 4 –

Seismic Zone 4 is also considered very dangerous in terms of earthquakes.

There can be earthquakes ranging from 7 to 7.9 magnitude. In this zone the areas of capital Delhi, NCR, areas of Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh,

Northern areas of UP, Bihar, and West Bengal, parts of Gujarat

And adjoining the west coast comes the area of ​​Maharashtra and Rajasthan.

ZONE 3 –

Zone 3 is considered to be of moderate danger in terms of earthquakes.

But they are less dangerous than zones 4 and 5.

In this zone, the remaining areas of Kerala, Goa, Lakshadweep, UP, Gujarat, and West Bengal, Punjab, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar,

Areas of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Karnataka are covered.

ZONE 2  –

The rest of the country's places fall in Seismic Zone 2.

It is less dangerous in terms of earthquakes.

There is no danger of an earthquake of more than 4.9 magnitudes here.

That is, no part of the country is safe in terms of earthquakes.

    

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